Stiff Pen Shell (Atrina rigida)

Solid Pen Shell (Atrina rigida) The solid pen shell, or unbending pen shell, is one of the few types of pen shells. These mollusks have a long, triangular, or wedge-formed shell and append to rocks or shells in sandy, shallow sea bottoms. Depiction Firm pen shells can be up to 12 long and 6.5 wide. They are an earthy colored or purplish-earthy colored shading and have at least 15 transmitting ribs that fan out over the shell. They may likewise have erect, cylindrical spines. Pen shells may deliver dark pearls. Characterization Realm: AnimaliaPhylum: MolluscaClass: BivalviaOrder: PterioidaFamily: PinnidaeGenus: AtrinaSpecies: rigida Natural surroundings and Distribution Firm pen shells live in hotter water from North Carolina to Florida, and furthermore in the Bahamas and West Indies. They are found on sandy bottoms in shallow water. They join with their byssal strings, pointed end down. Taking care of Pen shells are channel feeders and eat little particles going through the water. Preservation and Human Uses Pen shells have a scallop-like adductor muscle (the muscle that opens and shuts the shells) and are consumable. They likewise produce dark pearls which might be utilized in gems. Pen shells in the (Mediterranean pen shells) were collected for their byssal strings, which were woven into a costly material. Sources Gofas, S. 2011. Pinnidae. World Register of Marine Species (Online) Accessed on May 24, 2011Meinkoth, N.A. 1981. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Seashore Creatures. Alfred A. Knopf, New YorkScott, S. 2011. Pen Shells Provided Ancients Byssal Threads for Fine Sea Silk (Online) Accessed May 24, 2011

Product Development Strategy

Item Development Strategy Given the quick changes in purchaser tastes innovation bone-dry rivalry organizations must build up a constant flow of new items and administrations A firm can acquire new items m two different ways. One is through procurement by purchasing an entire organization a patent or a permit to deliver another person s item The different as through new-item advancement m the organization s own examination - and-improvement office By new items we mean unique items item upgrades item changes and new brands that the firm creates through its own innovative work endeavors. At the point when an association brings an item into a market they should ask themselves various inquiries. Who is the item focused on? What advantage will they anticipate? How would they intend to situate the item inside the market? What differential preferred position will the item offer over their rivals? New items keep on coming up short at an upsetting rate. One source appraises that in excess of 90 percent of every new item bomb in inside 2 years Another-study recommended that of the stunning 25,000 new purchaser food, drink, excellence, and social insurance items to hit the market every year, just 40 percent will associate with 5 years after the fact Moreover disappointment rates for new mechanical items might be as high as 30 percent. For what reason do such huge numbers of new items fall flat? There re a few reasons Although a thought might be acceptable the market size may have been overestimated Perhaps the real item was not structured just as it ought to have lager Or possibly it was erroneously situated in the market valued too high or publicized ineffectively An elevated level official may push a most loved thought notwithstanding poor advertising research discoveries Sometimes the expenses of item advancement are higher than anticipated, and once in a while Competitors retaliate more earnestly than Expected. Anyway the purposes for some new item disappointments appear to be quite clear Try the accompanying on for size. Survey of Literature Item procedures At the point when an association brings an item into a market they should ask themselves various inquiries. Who is the item focused on? What advantage will they anticipate? How would they intend to situate the item inside the market? What differential preferred position will the item offer over their rivals? We should recollect that Marketing is in a general sense about giving the right heap of advantages to the end client, consequently the expression Marketing isn't tied in with giving items or administrations it is basically about giving changing advantages to the changing needs and requests of the client (P.Tailor 7/00) Philip Kotler in Principles of Marketing conceived an exceptionally intriguing idea of advantage working with an item For an investigation the book of Principles of Marketing by P.Kotler. Kotler proposed that an item ought to be seen in three levels. Level 1: Core Product. What is the center advantage your item offers?. Clients who buy a camera are purchasing all the more then only a camera they are buying recollections. Level 2Actual Product: All cameras catch recollections. The point is to guarantee that your potential clients buy your one. The technique at this level includes associations marking, adding highlights and advantages to guarantee that their item offers a differential bit of leeway from their rivals. Level 3: Augmented item: What extra non-substantial advantages would you be able to offer? Rivalry at this level is based around after deals administration, guarantees, conveyance, etc. John Lewis a retail departmental store offers free multi year ensure on acquisition of their Television sets, this gives their 'clients the extra advantage of genuine feelings of serenity over the five years should their buy build up a shortcoming. Thought age New item improvement begins with thought age the orderly quest for new item thoughts. An organization normally needs to create numerous so as to locate a couple of good once. As indicated by one notable administration specialist, For each 1 000 thoughts, just 100 will have enough business t0 guarantee to merits a little sca1e analyze just 10 of those will Warrant generous money related responsibility and of those a couple will end up being inadequate victories. His decision? On the off chance that you need to locate a couple of thoughts with the ability to enchant client, foil rivalry, and rush financial specialists you should initially create hundreds and possibly a great many unusual key thoughts. Inward Idea Sources Utilizing inward sources the organization can discover new thoughts through proper innovative work. It can pick the minds of its officials Scientists engineers fabricating staff Sand salesmen Some organizations have-created fruitful enterprising projects that urge workers to concoct and grow new item thoughts. For instance 3M s notable 15-percent rule permit representatives to burn through 15 percent of their tine bootlegging - chipping away at undertakings of individual intrigue whether those task straightforwardly advantage the organization. Organizations a few times search for imaginative development moves toward that beat hindrances to the free progression of new item thoughts For instance firms like Eureka Ranch-a notable new item incubation center - utilize both strategy and frenzy in helping organizations to kick off their new item thought age process. Outside Idea Sources Great new item thought additionally originate from watching and tuning in to clients The organization can investigate client questions and protests to discover new items that better tackle expends issues Company designers or sales reps can meet with and work. Nearby clients to get proposals and thoughts The Company can direct studies or center gatherings to find out about Consumer needs and needs. Heinz did only that when its analysts moved toward youngsters who devour the greater part of the ketchup sold discover what might make ketchup additionally engaging them The appropriate response change the shading So, Heinz created and launc1iedEZ Squirt green ketchup that comes iii a squeezable jug focused at kids Blastin Green ketchup was a raving success, so Heinz caught up with a whole rainbow of EZ Squirt hues, including Funky Purple Passion Pink, Awesome Orange, Totally Teal, and Stellar Blue. The EZ Squirt bottle s exceptional spout likewise transmits a slender ketchup stream, so chi ldren can signature their burgers (or spurt somebody over the table however Heinz fails to make reference to that). In all the new line earned the Company a 5 percent expansion in deals ii the main year subsequent to hitting the staple rack. Buyers frequently make new items and uses all alone and organizations can profit by putting them available. For instance for quite a long time clients were getting the message out that Skin-so-delicate shower oil and cream was likewise a marvelous bug repellent. While a few Consumers Were content just to wash a water scented with the fragrant oil others conveyed it in their rucksacks to mosquito-swarmed campgrounds or kept a jug on the deck of their sea shore houses Avon tuned the thought into a total line of Skin-So-Soft Bug Guard PLUS lR335Â ® items including the Insect Repellent Gentle Breeze Moistures Sun square Lotion SPF 30 a blend cream bug repellent and sunscreen. The quest for new-item thoughts ought to be deliberate as opposed to erratic. In any case scarcely any new thoughts will surface and numerous smart thoughts will bite the dust Top administration can stay away from these issues by introducing a thought administration framework that guides the progression of new plans to an essential issue where they can be gathered surveyed and assessed howdy setting up such a framework the organization can do any or the entirety of the accompanying. Choose a regarded senior individual to be the organization s thought director. Make a cross-useful thought the executives council comprising of individuals from RD, designing buying activities fund and deals and showcasing to meet regri1rly and assess proposed new item and administration thoughts. Set up a cost free number or Web webpage for any individual who needs to send another plan to the thought administrator. Empower all organization partners workers providers, wholesalers, sellers to send their plans to the thought administrator. Set up formal acknowledgment projects to remunerate the individuals who contribute the best new thoughts. Thought Screening The reason for thought age is to make countless thoughts. The reason for the succeeding stages is to lessen that number. The primary thought diminishing stage is thought screening, which helps spot smart thoughts and drop poor ones as quickly as time permits. Item advancement costs rise significantly in later Stages, so the organization needs to proceed just with the item thoughts that will transform into gainful items. The article is to dispose of unsound ideas before dedicating assets to them. The screeners must ask at any rate three inquiries: Will the client in the objective market profit by the item? What is the size and development figures of the market portion/target showcase? What is the present or anticipated serious weight for the item thought? What are the business deals and market inclines the item thought depends on? Is it in fact achievable to make the item? Will the item be productive when fabricated and conveyed to the client at the objective cost? Numerous organizations require their officials to review new-item thoughts on a standard structure that can be assessed by another item board of trustees. The review depicts the item, the objective market, and the opposition. It makes some harsh assessments of market size, item value, advancement time and costs, producing expenses, and pace of return. The advisory group at that point assesses the thought against a lot of general rules. For instance, at Kao Company, the enormous Japanese customer items organization, the advisory group poses inquiries, for example, these: Is the item really helpful to purchaser and society? Is it useful for our specific organization? Does it work well with the companys destinations and techniques? Do we have the individuals, abilities, and assets to cause it to succeed? Does it convey more an incentive to clients than do contending ace

Top 5 Script Editing Tips From a Screenwriters Perspective

Top 5 Script Editing Tips From a Screenwriters Perspective THE END. Those two words, full of the promise of a nearly completed project, can be some of the most attractive words on the page for a screenwriter. You take a breath and close your laptop (or turn off your typewriter) and inhale a sigh of relief. The work youve been laboring over is finally finished. Now what?Lets look at what needs to happen after the first draft is completed in the screenplay editing process.Photo by Pereanu Sebastian on Unsplash1. Take a break between writing and editingWriting and editing are two different processes. Writing is an act of creation, imagination, and artistic endeavor, using predominantly right-brain activity. Editing is an act of sequencing, culling, logic, and grammar correction, using predominantly left-brain activity. In that sense, it is nearly impossible to do both at once.This is why you should take a break between writing your screenplay and editing it. Once written, allow your screenplay to sit for awhile while you take a break. Allow you r mind to reset itself from the right-brain activity that was required during the script writing phase before you endeavor to edit the screenplay in primarily left-brain mode.Another thing that happens over the course of a break like this is you are able to revisit your screenplay with a fresh perspective. After taking a short break, youll likely see things that you missed while writing the screenplay, or holes in the story that need to be filled with an additional scene or more dialog. And its not just screenwriters who are encouraged to take a break like this between the writing and editing processesâ€"all writers should do it. The time in between will give your mind the mental break needed for the extreme focus needed during the editing phase.2. Replace unnecessary dialog with visual storytellingAnton Chekhov, Russian playwright and short-story writer, said it best when he wrote, Dont tell me the moon is shining; show me the glint of light on broken glass. American journalist, no velist, and short-story writer Ernest Hemingway corroborated Chekovs advice when he wrote, Show the readers everything, tell them nothing.One common mistake that new screenwriters (and writers, in general) make is to tell rather than show. In doing so, they might use dialogue to explain moments in the plot that would be more powerful when seen rather than when heard (or described by one of the characters).If your screenplay is dialogue heavy as a stylistic choice, thats one thing. However, allowing this indulgence in conversation can drag a script down into a talkative, boring mess if you arent careful.The natural inclination among many new and aspiring screenwriters is to let their characters talk and talk as much as they want. This stems from the fact that when you watch a movie it can seem like this is all it is: characters talking. Moving a plot forward through dialogue is simply unrealisticâ€"thats not how life happens.This is especially true in film, which is a visual medium. Understanding this, as you edit your screenplay, look for instances in which dialogue is used to advance the narrative when something visual would do a better job.Photo by Jakob Owens on Unsplash3. Know the universal format and use it faithfullyIf you use screenplay writing software such as Final Draft, Movie Magic Screenwriter, Movie Outline or Montage, you wont need to worry about the formatting required for your screenplay. In fact, it is highly recommended that you use one of these programs instead of attempting to format your script on Microsoft Word.However, if you dont have access to any of these programs, youll need to ensure that your screenplay is formatted correctly before submitting it to production companies, contests, or other agencies.Here are the basic requirements, as discussed on Screenwriting.io. Your screenplay should have:12-point Courier font1.5-inch left margin1-inch right margin (between .5 inches and 1.25 inches), ragged1-inch top and bottom marginsApproxima tely 55 lines per page, regardless of paper size (top and bottom margins adjusted accordingly). This does not include the page number, or spaces after it.Dialogue speaker names (in all caps) 3.7 inches from left side of page (2.2 inches from margin)Actor parentheticals 3.1 inches from left side of page (1.6 inches from margin)Dialogue 2.5 inches from left side of page (1.5 inches from margin)Pages should be numbered in the top right corner, flush to the right margin, a half-inch from the top of the page. Numbers should be followed by a period. The first page is not numbered. The title page is neither numbered nor does it count as page one, so the first page to have a number is the second page of the screenplay (third sheet of paper, including the title page), which is numbered 2.Examples of properly formatted screenplays can be found in the johnaugust.com library.4. Make sure it follows the Blake Snyder beat sheetWhile this is something that should be done in your initial screenplay outline before you begin writing, you can use it to rearrange scenes in the editing process once your first draft has been completed. Rearranging is not only useful in the script editing phaseâ€"it can be highly effective in turning your screenplay into the success you want it to be.Blake Snyder, the bestselling author of the Save The Cat! series, was an American screenwriter, consultant, author and educator who became one of the most popular writing mentors in the film industry. He led international seminars and workshops for writers across various genres and was hired as a consultant for many of Hollywoods biggest studios.In his screenplay writing and consulting career, and after viewing thousands of screenplays that were made into blockbuster movies, he came up with a beat sheet comprised of 15 beats that should be in every screenplay. From his book Save the Cat! Goes to the Movies, heres the list:Opening Image â€" The scene in the screenplay that sets up the tone, type, and ini tial salvo of a film. It is the opposite of the Final Image.Theme Stated â€" Usually spoken to the min character, often without knowing what is said will be vital to his surviving the tale. Basically, what your screenplay is about.Set-up â€" The first 10 pages of the script that not only grab the audiences interest, but introduce or hint at introducing the characters of the A story.Catalyst â€" Something that is done to the hero to shake him. Consider it the movies first whammy (the letter with important news, the knock at the door, etc.)Debate â€" The section of the script, be it a scene or a series of scenes, when the hero doubts the journey he must take.Break into Two â€" This is the beginning of Act Two, at which point we leave the Thesis world behind and enter the upside-down Anti-thesis world of Act Two. The hero makes a choice and his journey begins.B Story â€" This is traditionally the love story (if the screenplay isnt already a romance), and is where the discussion about t he theme of a good movie is found.Fun and Games â€" Here, we forget plot and enjoy set pieces and trailer moments, reveling in the promise of the premise.Midpoint â€" The dividing line between the two halves of a movie. Stakes are raised and we start putting the squeeze on our hero(es).Bad Guys Close In â€" Both internally (problems inside the heros team) and externally (as actual bad guys tighten their grip), real pressure is applied.All is Lost â€" The false defeat and the place where we find the whiff of death, because something must die here.Dark Night of the Soul â€" The part of the script where the hero has lost all hope.Break Into Three (but not for long!) â€" Thanks to new inspiration or a last-minute action from the love interest in the B story, the hero chooses to fight.Finale â€" The Synthesis of two worlds: From what was and that which has been learned, the hero forges a third way.Final Image â€" The opposite of the Opening Image, proving that a change has occurred. Sinc e all stories are about transformation, the change should be dramatic.Save The Cat! Goes To The Movies by Blake Snyder5. Look carefully for any grammar, spelling, or capitalization, punctuation or syntax mistakesFinally, once youve followed the other steps mentioned in this article and have completed the second draft, look carefully through the entire screenplay for any grammar, spelling, capitalization, punctuation, or syntax mistakes. While you hope your script stands on its own when sent to production companies or agents, small editorial mistakes can be a big red flag for people in the industry reading your script. Not only do such mistakes make your screenplay seem amateur, it also makes you come across as less than professionalâ€"a quality that you want to avoid at all costs when trying to sell your script.If you feel that you lack the English skills to conduct such a thorough edit for your screenplay, its best to hire a professional to do it for you. The money you spend on doi ng so would be returned and multiplied in getting your script chosen by a production company or agent.